C is one of the popular programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell laboratories at USA in 1972. It is upgraded version of B and BCPL [Basic Command Programming Language], which were also developed at Bell laboratories. C is neither low level language nor a high level language; it is said to a middle level language because it performs the task of both the languages. Using C, we can code for Application programs, Operating systems and Assemblers.
- C,s character set
- Identifier and Keywords
- Rules to write identifier names in c
- Data types,type qualifiers and type modifiers
- Declaration Statement
- Difference B/W Declaration and Definition
- Length and Range of Various Data types
- I-Value and R- Value Concept
- Variable and Constants
- Classification of Constant
- Structure of C Program
- Process of Compiling and Executing a C program
- Write Simple C Program
- Using Prinf and Scanf Function
- Use of Sizeof Operator
Character set of C:
The character set is the fundamental raw material of any language and they are used to represent information. Like natural languages, computer language will also have well defined character set, which is useful to build the programs.
The characters in C are grouped into the following two categories:
1.Source character set
a. Alphabets
b. Digits
c. Special Characters
d. White Spaces
2.Execution character set
a. Escape Sequence
ALPHABETS
Uppercase letters A-Z
Lowercase letters a-z
DIGITS 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
SPECIAL CHARACTERS
~ tilde , % percent sign , | vertical bar , @ at symbol + plus sign , < less than,
_ underscore , – minus sign , > greater than ,^ caret , # number sign,=equal to,& ampersand , $ dollar sign, / slash , ( left parenthesis , * asterisk , \ back slash,
) right parenthesis , ′ apostrophe , : colon , [ left bracket ” , quotation mark , ; semicolon,
] right bracket , ! exclamation mark, , comma , { left flower brace , ? Question mark , . dot operator ,
,} right flower brace
WHITESPACE CHARACTERS
\b blank space \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab \r carriage return \f form feed \n new line
\\ Back slash \’ Single quote \” Double quote \? Question mark \0 Null \a Alarm (bell)
Backslash character constants
Character ASCII value Escape Sequence Result
Null 000 \0 Null
Alarm (bell) 007 \a Beep Sound
Back space 008 \b Moves previous position
Horizontal tab 009 \t Moves next horizontal tab
New line 010 \n Moves next Line
Vertical tab 011 \v Moves next vertical tab
Form feed 012 \f Moves initial position of next page
Carriage return 013 \r Moves beginning of the line
Double quote 034 \” Present Double quotes
Single quote 039 \’ Present Apostrophe
Question mark 063 \? Present Question Mark
Back slash 092 \\ Present back slash
Octal number \000
Hexadecimal number \x
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